Literature on Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) – Hardshell clam
Ansell, A.D. 1963. Venus mercenaria (L) in Southhampton Water. Ecology 44(2): 396-397.
Ansell, A.D. 1968. The rate of growth of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (L) throughout the geographical range. Journal du Conseil Int. Explor. Mer 31(3): 364-409.
Ansell. A.D., Lander, K.F., Coughlan, J. and Loosmore, F.A. 1964. Studies on the hard-shell clam, Venus mercenaria, in British waters. I. Growth and reproduction in natural and experimental colonies. Journal of Applied Ecology 1(1): 63-82.
Ansell, A.D., Loosmore, F.A. and Lander, K.F. 1964. Studies on the hard-shell clam, Venus mercenaria, in British waters. II. Seasonal cycle in condition and biochemical composition. Journal of Applied Ecology 1(1): 83-95.
Carter, M.C. 2008. Mercenaria mercenaria. Hard-shell clam. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Avaiable here (accessed 5 March, 2015).
Goulletquer, P., Bachelet, G., Sauriau, P.G. and Noel, P. 2002. Open Atlantic coast of Europe – a century of introduced species into French waters. In: Invasive aquatic species of Europe. Distribution, impacts and management (eds. E. Leppäkoski, S. Gollasch and S. Olenin), pp. 276-290. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Heppell, D. 1961. The naturalization in Europe of the quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria (L.). Journal of Conchology 25: 21-34.
Murphy, R.C. 1985. Factors affecting the distribution of the introduced bivalve, Mercenaria mercenaria, in a California lagoon – The importance of bioturbation. Journa of Marine Research 43: 673-692.
Peterson, C.H. 2002. Recruitment overfishing in a bivalve mollusc fishery: hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) in North Carolina. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59: 96-104.
Wolff, W.J. 2005. Non-indigenous marine and estuarine species in The Netherlands. Zoologische Mededelingen 79(1): 1-116.