Literature on Molgula manhattensis (de Kay, 1843)
Altman, S. and Whitlatch, R.B. 2007. Effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success in marine communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 342: 15-29.
Arenas, F., Bishop, J.D.D., Carlton, J.T., Dyrynda, P.J., Farnham, W.F., Gonzalez, D.J., Jacobs, M.W., Lambert, C., Lambert, G., Nielsen, S.E., Pderson, J.A., Porter, J.S., Ward, S. and Wood, C.A. 2006. Alien species and other notable records from a rapid assessment survey of marinas on the south coast of England. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86: 1329-1337.
Berrill, N.J. 1931. Studies in tunicate development. Part II. Abbreviation of development in the Molgulidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 219: 281-346.
Carman, M.R., Bullard, S.G. and Donelly, J.P. 2007. Water quality, nitrogen pollution, and ascidian diversity in coastal waters of southern Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 342: 175-178.
Colombera, D. 1974. Chromosomes of Molgula manhattensis de Kay (Ascidiacea). Experientia 30(4): 352-353.
Crawford, E.A. and Homsher, P.J. 1975. DNA studies of a Chesapeake Bay population of the tunicate Molgula manhattensis (DeKay) (Ascidiacea). Chesapeake Science 16(3): 208-211.
Gollasch, S. and Nehring, S. 2006. National checklist for aquatic alien species in Germany. Aquatic Invasions 1(4): 245-269.
Grave, B.H. 1933. Rate of growth, age at sexual maturity, and duration of life of certain sessile organisms, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Biological Bulletin 65(3): 375-386.
Haven, D.S. and Morales-Alamo, R. 1966. Aspects of biodeposition by oysters and other invertebrate filter feeders. Limnology and Oceanography 11(4): 487-498.
Hayward, P.J. and Ryland, J.S. (Eds.) 1995. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, 800 pp.
Hewitt, C.L., Campbell, M.L., Thresher, R.E., Martin, R.B., Boyd, S., Cohen, B.F., Currie, D.R., Gomon, M.F., Keough, M.J., Lewis, J.A., Lockett, M.M., Mays, N., McArthur, M.A., O'Hara, T.D., Poore, G.C.B., Ross, D.J., Storey, M.J., Watson, J.E. and Wilson, R.S. 2004. Introduced and cryptogenic species in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Marine Biology 144(1): 183-202.
Huang, Z.G., Zheng, C.X., Lin, S., Li, C.Y., Wang, J.J. and Yan, S.K. 1993. Fouling organisms at Daya Bay nuclear power station, China. In: The Marine Biology of the South China Sea (ed. B. Morton), pp. 121-135. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.
Iwasaki, K. 2006. Human-mediated introduction of marine organisms in Japan: a review. In: Assessment and Control of Biological Invasion Risks (eds. F. Koike, M.N. Clout, M. Kawamichi, M. De Poorter and K. Iwatsuka), pp. 104-112. Shoukado Book Sellers, Kyoto, Japan and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Jewett, E.B., Hines, A.H. and Ruiz, G.M. 2005. Epifaunal disturbance by periodic low levels of dissolved oxygen: native vs. invasive species response. Marine Ecology Progress Series 304: 31-44.
Jørgensen, C. and Lützen, J. 1997. Ultrastructure of the non-germinal cells in the testes of ascidians (Urochordata) and their role in the phagocytosis of sperm. Zoomorphology 117: 103-113.
Kerckhof, F., Haelters, J. and Golasch, S. 2007. Alien species in the marine and brackisch ecosystem: the situation in Belgian waters. Aquatic Invasions 2(3): 243-257.
Lambert, C.C. and Lambert, G. 1998. Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology 130: 675-688.
LeClair, L., Pleus, A. and Schultz, J. 2009. 2007-2009 biennial report: Invasive species tunicate response. Prepared for the Puget Sound Partnership. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Fish Program; Aquatic Invasive Species Unit, 57pp.
Lützen, J. 1967. Sækdyr. Danmarks Fauna 75, Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Copenhagen, 267pp.
Millar, R.H. 1970. A synopsis of the British ascidians. Synopsis of the British Fauna No. 1. The Linnean Society, Academic Press, London.
Minchin, D. 2007. A checklist of alien and cryptogenic aquatic species in Ireland. Aquatic Invasions 2(4): 341-366.
Morgan, T.H. 1942. Cross- and self-fertilization in the ascidian Molgula manhattensis. Biological Bulletin 82: 172-177.
Osman, R.W. and Whitlatch, R.B. 1995. The influence of resident adults on larval settlement: experiments with four species of ascidians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190: 199-220.
Petersen, J.K. and Svane, I. 2002. Filtration rate in seven Scandinavian ascidians: implications of the morphology of the gill sac. Marine Biology 140: 397-402.
Randløv, A. and Riisgård, H.U. 1979. Efficiency of particle retention and filtration rate in four species of ascidians. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1: 55-59.
Rasmussen, E. 1973. Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna (Denmark). Ophelia 11: 1-507.
Saffo, M.B. 1982. Distribution of the endosymbiont Nephromyces Giard within the ascidian family Molgulidae. Biological Bulletin 162: 95-104.
Saffo, M.B. 1988. Nitrogen waste or nitrogen source? Urate degradation in the renal sac of molgulid tunicates. Biological Bulletin 175: 403-409.
Saffo, M.B. 1990. Symbiosis within a symbiosis: intracellular bacteria within the endosymbiotic protist Nephromyces. Marine Biology 107: 291-296.
Saffo, M.B. and Davis, W.L. 1982. Modes of infection of the ascidian Molgula manhattensis by its endosymbiont Nephromyces Giard. Biological Bulletin 162: 105-112.
Sagasti, A., Duffy, J.E. and Schaffner, L.C. 2003. Estuarine epifauna recruit despite periodic hypoxia stress. Marine Biology 142: 111-122.
Wolff, W.J. 2005. Non-indigenous marine and estuarine species in The Netherlands. Zoologische Mededelingen 79(1): 1-116.